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Mozambique

Mozambique is a nation located in Southeast Africa on the Indian Ocean coast. It is bordered by Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. The country has an area of approximately 799,380 square kilometers, making it roughly the size of Italy. As of 2022, its estimated population is 31,616,000 people. Mozambique is officially known as the Republic of Mozambique and its capital city is Maputo.

The majority of Mozambique's inhabitants are Bantu-speaking Africans, with ethnolinguistic groups including the Makua, Tsonga, Malawi, Shona, and Yao peoples. Portuguese is the official language, however, other languages such as Bantu languages and Swahili are also commonly spoken. Traditional beliefs, Christianity, and Islam are the main religions practiced in Mozambique. The currency is the metical.

Mozambique is divided into two distinct regions: the lowlands in the south and the highlands in the north. These areas are separated by the Zambezi River. Its economy largely revolves around agriculture, international trade, and light industry. After gaining independence from Portugal in 1975, a new constitution was introduced that ended Marxist collectivism and brought about a market economy, privatization, and multiparty government.

In 1990, after years of civil war, a peace treaty was signed between the rebels and the government. This marked the beginning of the country’s first multiparty elections two years later. Since then, Mozambique has seen political stability and economic growth.