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Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country situated in mainland Southeast Asia. It has an area of 198,117 square miles (513,120 sq km), and its estimated population in 2023 is 67,293,000. The capital of Thailand is Bangkok, and the population is predominantly Thai, with significant Chinese, Khmer, and Malay minorities. The official language of the country is Thai, and the main religion is Buddhism, although Islam is also practiced.
Thailand's economy is mainly based on services and light industries, with agriculture employing a large proportion of the workforce. Some of the chief agricultural products include rice, corn, rubber, soybeans, and pineapples, while key industries include clothing, canned goods, electronic equipment, and cement. Tourism is also an important source of income for the country.
Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, with two legislative houses and a 220-member interim legislature. The head of state is the king, while the head of government is the prime minister. The currency of the country is the baht (THB), and the exchange rate is 1 US dollar to 33.379 Thai bahts.
The landscape of Thailand encompasses forested hills and mountains, a central plain containing the Chao Phraya River delta, and a plateau in the northeast. Its life expectancy at birth is 73.8 years for males and 80.1 years for females, and the literacy rate is 95% for males and 92% for females. The Gross National Income (GNI) for 2020 was $491,908,000, and the GNI per capita was $7,050.